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The former diesel engines used mechanical
diesel nozzles, which work by controlling the precise couple (needle valve,
needle valve body). Now the fuel injection nozzle for motorcycles and
automobiles is actually a simple solenoid valve. When the solenoid coil is
powered on, it will generate suction, the needle valve will be sucked up, the
injection hole will be opened, and the fuel will be ejected at high speed
through the annular gap between the needle and the injection hole at the head
of the needle valve, forming a fog, which is conducive to combustion and
charging.
電壓驅(qū)動(dòng)是指驅(qū)動(dòng)噴油器噴油的電脈沖電壓是恒定的，這種噴油器又可分為高阻抗型和低阻抗型兩種，低阻抗型噴油器是用5—6V的電壓驅(qū)動(dòng)，電磁線圈的電阻較小，為3--4Ω，不能直接和12V電源連接，否則會(huì)燒壞電磁線圈，高阻抗型噴油器是用12V電壓驅(qū)動(dòng)，電磁線圈電阻較大，為12--16Ω，由一個(gè)閥針上下運(yùn)動(dòng)來控制閥的開閉。
當(dāng)ECU下達(dá)噴油指令時(shí)，其電壓訊號(hào)會(huì)使電流流經(jīng)噴油嘴內(nèi)的線圈，產(chǎn)生磁場(chǎng)來把閥針吸起，讓閥門開啟好使油料能自噴油孔噴出。
噴油嘴的工作好壞，決定著發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的性能。由于燃油不潔導(dǎo)致噴油嘴部分堵塞，會(huì)使缸內(nèi)積炭嚴(yán)重；缸筒、活塞環(huán)加速磨損，造成怠速不穩(wěn)，油耗上升，加速無力，起動(dòng)困難及排放超標(biāo)，嚴(yán)重的會(huì)徹底堵塞噴油嘴，損壞發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。
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